Comprehensive Physics Formula Guide for PU CET Preparation

Comprehensive Physics Formula Guide for PU CET Preparation

 Here’s a brief collection of key physics formulas for preparation for the PU CET (Panjab University Common Entrance Test), covering important topics from mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, optics, and modern physics:

1. Mechanics:

• Kinematic Equations:

  $$v = u + at$$
  $$v^2 = u^2 + 2as$$
  $$s = ut + \frac{1}{2} a t^2$$
  

  Where:

  • $u$ = initial velocity
  • $v$ = final velocity
  • $a$ = acceleration
  • $t$ = time
  • $s$ = displacement

• Newton’s Laws of Motion:

  1. $F = ma$ (Force = mass × acceleration)
  2. $\mathrm{\Sigma }F=\mathrm{0\; (For\; equilibrium,\; the\; sum\; of\; forces\; is\; zero)}$
  3. $F_{action} = F_{reaction}$

• Work-Energy Theorem:

  $$W = \Delta K = F \cdot d \cdot \cos \theta$$
  

• Gravitational Potential Energy:

  $$U = -\frac{GMm}{r}$$

  Where $G$ is the gravitational constant, $M$ and $m$ are masses, and $r$ is the distance between them.

• Circular Motion:

  $$F = \frac{mv^2}{r} = m \omega^2$$
  

  Where:

  • $\omega$ = angular velocity
  • $r$ = radius of the circle

2. Thermodynamics:

• First Law of Thermodynamics:

  $$\Delta U = Q - W$$
  

  Where:

  • $\Delta U$ = change in internal energy
  • $Q$ = heat added to the system
  • $W$ = work done by the system

• Ideal Gas Law:

  $$PV = nRT$$
  

  Where:

  • $P$ = pressure
  • $V$ = volume
  • $n$ = number of moles
  • $R$ = universal gas constant
  • $T$ = temperature (Kelvin)

• Thermodynamic Efficiency:

  $$\eta = \frac{W}{Q_{in}} = 1 - \frac{T_C}{T_H}$$

  Where:

  • $W$ = work done
  • $Q_{in}$ = heat input
  • $T_C$ and $T_H$ = temperatures of the cold and hot reservoirs

3. Electromagnetism:

• Coulomb’s Law:

  $$F = k_e \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}$$

  Where:

  • $F$ = electrostatic force
  • $k_e$ = Coulomb’s constant
  • $q_1, q_2$ = charges
  • $r$ = distance between charges

• Ohm’s Law:

  $$V = IR$$
  

  Where:

  • $V$ = voltage
  • $I$ = current
  • $R$ = resistance

• Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge:

  $$F = qvB \sin \theta$$
  

  Where:

  • $q$ = charge
  • $v$ = velocity
  • $B$ = magnetic field strength
  • $\theta$ = angle between velocity and magnetic field

4. Optics:

• Lens Formula:

  $$\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u}$$

  Where:

  • $f$ = focal length
  • $v$ = image distance
  • $u$ = object distance

• Mirror Formula:

  $$\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u}$$

• Magnification (for lenses and mirrors):

  $$M = \frac{h_{image}}{h_{object}} = -\frac{v}{u}$$

5. Modern Physics:

• Photoelectric Equation:

  $$E_k = hf - \phi$$
  

  Where:

  • $E_k$ = kinetic energy of emitted electron
  • $h$ = Planck's constant
  • $f$ = frequency of incident light
  • $\phi$ = work function

• De Broglie Wavelength:

  $$\lambda = \frac{h}{mv}$$

  Where:

  • $\lambda$ = wavelength
  • $m$ = mass of the particle
  • $v$ = velocity of the particle

This is just a basic outline, so please focus on revising key concepts and equations in each of these areas for the PU CET exam. Make sure to practice with questions and apply the formulas in different contexts for better understanding.

For help in preparation check previous years papers of PU CET on PU PAPERS